Do I Start With One Again When Going to the Next Page With Foot Notes

What Are Footnotes? | Guide with Discussion Instructions

Published on March 28, 2022 by Jack Caulfield.

Footnotes are notes placed at the bottom of the folio in a piece of bookish writing and indicated in the text with superscript numbers (or sometimes letters or other symbols). Yous can insert footnotes automatically in Discussion or Google Docs. They're used to provide:

• Citations in certain styles
• Boosted information that would disrupt the flow of the main text

Note: Footnotes are a lot like endnotes, which are used in similar ways. The divergence is that endnotes announced all together at the end of the text, instead of separately on each page. This gives your text a less cluttered advent, but it can also be inconvenient for readers.

How to insert footnotes in Word and Google Docs

If yous're writing in Microsoft Word or in Google Docs, it's easy to insert footnotes automatically using the built-in functionality of the software.

Nearly style guidelines are flexible enough that these automatically inserted footnotes meet their requirements, then that you don't have to worry about the specifics of formatting.

Inserting footnotes in Word

It'south straightforward to insert footnotes in Word. Only follow these steps:

1. Click on the indicate in the text where you desire the footnote number to appear.
2. Select the "References" tab at the top, and and then select "Insert Footnote."
3. Blazon whatever text you want into the footnote that appears.

Inserting footnotes in Google Docs

You can also easily add footnotes in Google Docs. Follow the steps below:

1. Click on the point in the text where you lot want to add a footnote.
2. At the tiptop, click on "Insert" and so on "Footnote" in the drop-down menu.
3. Type the text you want into the footnote.

Numbering and placement of footnotes

Footnotes should be numbered consecutively in the order they announced throughout your paper. Each note should accept a unique number; don't use the same number again even if you cite the same source repeatedly.

Footnote numbers are unremarkably placed at the stop of the relevant clause or sentence. The number appears later whatsoever punctuation, except when the clause ends with an em dash, in which case the number appears before it. Don't add together a space before the number.

Case: Placement of footnotes

McGill argues that this method is flawed.ⁱ However, other studies—such as that of Smith and Coulson²—come up to the opposite conclusion.

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Footnotes in Chicago manner

Chicago manner uses footnotes for citations (unless y'all're following Chicago writer-date). Footnotes can also exist used to add extra information such equally commentary on the source cited, or elaborations on a indicate y'all touched on in the main text.

In Chicago footnotes, y'all identify a footnote at the finish of the clause or sentence that needs a citation. The footnote contains total data nigh each source the get-go time you lot cite information technology, and shortened information for subsequent citations of the same source.

Example: Chicago footnotes

       1. Tegan George and Jack Caulfield, "Academic Integrity vs. Academic Dishonesty," March x, 2022, https://www.scribbr.com/plagiarism/academic-dishonesty/.

 2. George and Caulfield, "Bookish Integrity."

Total information about all your sources is usually included in a bibliography at the end, except in very curt papers, where footnote citations may exist used alone if your institution allows information technology.

Chicago recommends using your word processor's built-in footnote function to add footnotes, but a couple of formatting details may need to exist changed manually:

• Add an indent at the start of each footnote (before the number).
• Write the number at the offset of the note in normal text (not superscript), followed by a period so a space.
• Leave one blank line between footnotes, and brand sure footnotes are unmarried-spaced.

Footnotes in APA Mode

APA footnotes are used only for providing extra information, since APA in-text citations announced in parentheses instead.

You tin can utilize them to provide supplemental information such equally additional examples or clarifications; do this sparingly, as APA warns against including nonessential information. Footnotes are also used to provide copyright attribution when it's needed.

Case: APA footnotes

               ¹ From What Parents Can Wait in Behavior Therapy, by Centers for Affliction Control and Prevention, 2017 (https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/infographics/what-parents-expect.html). In the public domain.

              ⁱⁱ A 2nd round of testing was initially planned, but this thought was abandoned due to …

APA recommends using your give-and-take processing software to automatically insert footnotes, only add an indent at the start of each footnote if this isn't done automatically. The footnote begins with the superscript footnote number followed by a infinite.

Footnotes in MLA style

MLA footnotes are used to provide supplemental information such equally extra examples, clarifications of citation practice, or elaborations on ideas.

MLA in-text citations announced in parentheses, not in notes, but where a lot of citations are needed at once, they tin be placed in a footnote to avoid cluttering the text.

Instance: MLA footnotes

           ¹ Citations of marginalia refer to George's edition and include page numbers. Citations of the poem refer to Davis's edition and include line numbers.

        ² This remains a controversial point. Researchers in the field accept debated this event since …

            ³ See Crittenden v–11; Kent 17–34; Smith 44–50; and Jones 36.

MLA recommends using your word processor to automatically insert footnotes, styling the number at the beginning of the citation in superscript, followed by a space. An indent should likewise be added at the offset of the footnote (earlier the number).

What's the difference betwixt footnotes and endnotes?

Footnotes appear at the bottom of the folio they refer to. This is convenient for the reader only may cause your text to look cluttered if in that location are a lot of footnotes.

Endnotes announced all together at the end of the whole text. This may be less convenient for the reader but reduces clutter.

Both footnotes and endnotes are used in the aforementioned way: to cite sources or add extra information. You should usually cull one or the other to utilize in your text, not both.

What are footnotes used for?

Footnotes are notes indicated in your text with numbers and placed at the bottom of the page. They're used to provide:

• Citations (e.g., in Chicago notes and bibliography)
• Boosted information that would disrupt the flow of the main text

Be sparing in your utilize of footnotes (other than commendation footnotes), and consider whether the information you're adding is relevant for the reader.

How do I insert a footnote in Word?

To insert a footnote automatically in a Word document:

1. Click on the bespeak in the text where the footnote should appear
2. Select the "References" tab at the top and so click on "Insert Footnote"
3. Type the text you want into the footnote that appears at the bottom of the page

How do I catechumen footnotes to endnotes (or vice versa) in Word?

If you need to modify the type of notes used in a Give-and-take certificate from footnotes to endnotes, or the other way around, follow these steps:

1. Open up the "References" tab, and click the pointer in the lesser-right corner of the "Footnotes" section.
2. In the pop-upward window, click on "Convert…"
3. Cull the choice you lot need, and click "OK."

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